The Fertile Crescent is a historically significant region in the Middle East, known for its rich soil and early developments in agriculture and civilisation. It spans parts of modern-day Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, Kuwait, Turkey, and Iran. The term describes the crescent-shaped area that extends from the Persian Gulf, up through the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), and down along the eastern Mediterranean coast.
This region is often called the “Cradle of Civilization” because it was home to some of the world’s earliest human settlements, including the Sumerians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. The fertile land, nourished by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, made it ideal for the development of agriculture and the rise of ancient cities.