The internal combustion engine (ICE), which powers many of today’s vehicles, was invented over a period of time with contributions from various inventors. The earliest version was developed in 1860 by Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir, a Belgian engineer, who created a gas-powered engine. However, the modern form of the internal combustion engine was perfected later. In 1876, Nikolaus Otto, a German engineer, created the four-stroke engine, which became the foundation for most engines used today. Otto’s design significantly improved engine efficiency and paved the way for the development of automobiles and industrial machines. The internal combustion engine revolutionized transportation and technology, impacting industries worldwide.
