The treaty that effectively ended World War I was the Treaty of Versailles, signed on June 28, 1919.
The treaty officially ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. Key terms of the Treaty of Versailles included:
- Territorial losses for Germany, including the return of Alsace-Lorraine to France and the loss of overseas colonies.
- Military restrictions on Germany, such as limiting the size of its army and banning conscription.
- Reparations, where Germany was required to pay heavy financial reparations to the Allied nations.
- The establishment of the League of Nations, which was meant to promote peace, though the U.S. did not join.
The treaty is often criticized for its harsh terms, which many historians believe contributed to economic hardship and political instability in Germany, leading to the rise of Nazism and ultimately World War II.