The mitochondrion (plural: mitochondria) is often referred to as the “powerhouse of the cell.” This structure is responsible for producing energy through a process called cellular respiration, which converts nutrients, particularly glucose, into adenosine triphosphate (ATP)—the main energy carrier in cells. ATP powers various cellular activities, making the mitochondrion essential for cell function.
Mitochondria contain their own DNA and ribosomes, allowing them to replicate and produce some of the enzymes necessary for energy production. These organelles are vital for the energy metabolism of eukaryotic cells, supporting activities from muscle contraction to protein synthesis, ensuring proper cell function and survival.