The verb “run” is an irregular verb, which means it doesn’t follow the typical rules of conjugation in English. Instead of forming the past participle by simply adding “-ed” to the base form, “run” has its own distinct forms for the past tense and past participle.
Forms of “Run”
- Base form (Infinitive): run
- Past tense: ran
- Past participle: run
So, the past participle of “run” is “run”. This may seem confusing because the past tense is “ran”, but the past participle remains the same as the base form.
Usage of the Past Participle “Run”
The past participle “run” is used in various contexts, especially with auxiliary verbs such as “have”, “has”, or “had”. Here are some examples of how the past participle “run” is used:
- Present perfect tense:
- I have run five miles today. (The action of running is completed, and the exact time is not specified.)
- Past perfect tense:
- She had run to the store before it started raining. (The action of running was completed before another past event.)
- Passive voice (though less common for the verb “run”):
- The race has been run. (This means the race was completed by someone, but the doer isn’t mentioned.)
Examples in Sentences
- I have run the marathon several times.
- This uses the present perfect tense to show an action that has been completed at some unspecified time before now.
- They had run out of time when the meeting ended.
- This is an example of the past perfect tense, indicating the action of running out of time was completed before the meeting ended.
- By the time we arrived, she had run to the store.
- Here, “had run” indicates an action that was completed before a specific point in the past.
The past participle of “run” is “run”, which is the same as the base form of the verb. It is used in perfect tenses (present perfect, past perfect) and passive constructions. Despite “ran” being the past tense form, “run” remains the same in its past participle form. This is a characteristic feature of irregular verbs in English, which often deviate from the standard conjugation patterns.