What is the difference between the IN and ANY operators in PostgreSQL SQL?

In PostgreSQL, both IN and ANY are used to compare a value against multiple values, but they function differently.

The IN operator checks if a value matches any value within a specified list or subquery. For example:

SELECT * FROM table WHERE column IN (1, 2, 3);

The ANY operator is used with comparison operators and works with an array or a subquery. It compares a value against all elements and returns true if it satisfies the condition for any element. Example:

SELECT * FROM table WHERE column > ANY (SELECT value FROM table);

IN is more straightforward for direct value comparisons, while ANY allows more complex comparisons.