The capital of Zanzibar is Zanzibar City, which is located on the main island of Unguja, the largest of the Zanzibar Archipelago off the coast of Tanzania. While Zanzibar City serves as the administrative and cultural heart of Zanzibar, it’s important to understand that it is made up of two key areas:
1. Stone Town (The Historic Center)
- Stone Town is the historic and cultural core of Zanzibar City. It is famous for its winding, narrow streets, traditional Swahili houses with wooden doors adorned with intricate carvings, and bustling markets. The town’s architecture reflects centuries of influence from Arab, Indian, Persian, and European traders and colonizers.
- UNESCO World Heritage Site: Stone Town was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2000 due to its historical significance and well-preserved architecture.
- Key landmarks in Stone Town include the House of Wonders, Forodhani Gardens, Sultan’s Palace, Freddie Mercury’s House, and the Old Fort.
2. Ng’ambo (The Newer Part)
- Ng’ambo is the newer, more modern part of Zanzibar City, located on the opposite side of Stone Town, across the creek. This area has seen significant urban development over the past few decades, with more residential, commercial, and government infrastructure.
- The contrast between Ng’ambo and Stone Town highlights the blend of traditional and modern influences on Zanzibar’s development.
Zanzibar as a Semi-Autonomous Region
- Zanzibar is a semi-autonomous region of Tanzania, with its own government and political structure. The region has its own president, legislature, and political parties, and it governs various aspects of its domestic affairs, including tourism, education, and healthcare. However, issues related to foreign affairs, defense, and national security are handled by the central government in Dodoma, the capital of Tanzania.
- Zanzibar’s autonomy is rooted in its distinct cultural, historical, and political identity, having been an independent sultanate until it united with Tanganyika in 1964 to form the modern state of Tanzania.
Economic and Cultural Importance
- Zanzibar is a key hub for tourism, agriculture (notably cloves and spices), and trade. The island’s beaches, historical sites, and vibrant culture make it a popular destination for visitors.
- The island is also historically significant for its role in the Indian Ocean slave trade, spice trade, and as a center for Swahili culture.
In conclusion, Zanzibar City is not only the capital of the Zanzibar Archipelago but also the political, economic, and cultural center of the region, with Stone Town being its historic soul and Ng’ambo its evolving modern face.