An Operating System (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software, and provides services for computer programs. It acts as an intermediary between users and the computer hardware, enabling users to interact with the system easily and efficiently.
Functions of an Operating System:
- Process Management:
- Manages processes (programs in execution).
- Allocates CPU time and resources to processes.
- Ensures processes run without interfering with each other.
- Memory Management:
- Manages the computer’s memory (RAM).
- Allocates memory to processes and ensures that memory is used efficiently.
- Handles memory swapping between main memory and storage.
- File System Management:
- Organizes, stores, and retrieves files.
- Provides access to data, including file permissions and security.
- Manages directories and file storage.
- Device Management:
- Manages hardware devices like printers, hard drives, and displays.
- Coordinates input/output (I/O) operations and device drivers.
- Security and Access Control:
- Protects data and resources from unauthorized access.
- Manages user authentication, permissions, and encryption.
- User Interface (UI):
- Provides an interface (Command Line or Graphical User Interface) for users to interact with the system.
- Task Scheduling:
- Decides the order in which processes should be executed.
- Ensures that all tasks get CPU time based on priority.
In summary, the OS is essential for managing hardware, software, and resources, ensuring the smooth operation of a computer system.
