Manganese (Mn) exhibits multiple oxidation states due to its ability to lose different numbers of electrons. The most common ion charge of manganese depends on its chemical context, but the most frequently observed oxidation states are:
Most Common Oxidation States of Manganese:
- +2 (Mn²⁺):
- This is the most stable and common oxidation state of manganese in biological systems and many chemical compounds.
- Found in compounds like manganese(II) sulfate (MnSO₄) and manganese(II) chloride (MnCl₂).
- +4 (Mn⁴⁺):
- Commonly found in manganese dioxide (MnO₂), which is widely used as a catalyst and in batteries.
- +7 (Mn⁷⁺):
- Observed in potassium permanganate (KMnO₄), a strong oxidizing agent.
Less Common States:
- +3 (Mn³⁺): Seen in certain compounds like manganese(III) oxide (Mn₂O₃).
- +6 (Mn⁶⁺): Rare, but can appear in compounds like manganese(VI) oxide (MnO₃²⁻).
