1. Democratic Party
- Founded: 1828
- Ideology: Center-left, liberalism, progressivism
- Key Issues: Social equality, healthcare, climate action, civil rights
2. Republican Party (GOP)
- Founded: 1854
- Ideology: Center-right, conservatism, free-market capitalism
- Key Issues: Limited government, tax cuts, national security
3. Libertarian Party
- Founded: 1971
- Ideology: Libertarianism, individual liberty, minimal government
- Key Issues: Personal freedom, free markets, non-interventionism
4. Green Party
- Founded: 1991
- Ideology: Environmentalism, social justice, grassroots democracy
- Key Issues: Climate action, renewable energy, anti-corporatism
5. Constitution Party
- Founded: 1992
- Ideology: Social conservatism, constitutionalism
- Key Issues: States’ rights, anti-abortion, limited federal power
6. Working Families Party
- Founded: 1998
- Ideology: Progressive, pro-labor
- Key Issues: Workers’ rights, income inequality, affordable housing
7. American Solidarity Party
- Founded: 2011
- Ideology: Christian democracy, centrist
- Key Issues: Pro-life, social justice, environmental stewardship
8. Peace and Freedom Party
- Founded: 1967
- Ideology: Socialism, feminism
- Key Issues: Anti-war, civil rights, economic equality
9. Socialist Party USA
- Founded: 1901 (current version in 1973)
- Ideology: Democratic socialism
- Key Issues: Public ownership, universal healthcare, labor rights
10. Party for Socialism and Liberation (PSL)
- Founded: 2004
- Ideology: Marxism-Leninism
- Key Issues: Anti-imperialism, economic justice, socialism
While the Democratic and Republican parties dominate federal and state elections, smaller parties play a significant role in shaping political discourse and representing alternative viewpoints. Many of these third parties influence policy debates and occasionally win local or state elections.
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