The Waterfall Model is a traditional software development methodology that follows a linear and sequential approach. Each phase must be completed before moving on to the next, and there is no overlap between phases.
Phases of the Waterfall Model:
- Requirement Analysis:
Gather and document all the software requirements clearly and comprehensively. - System Design:
Plan the architecture, hardware, software, and overall system design based on the requirements. - Implementation:
Convert the design into source code and build the software. - Integration and Testing:
Test the software for defects, bugs, and issues, ensuring it meets requirements. - Deployment:
Deliver the completed software to the client or release it for use. - Maintenance:
Fix issues, update, and improve the software after deployment.
Advantages:
- Clear Structure: Each phase has specific deliverables and review processes.
- Easy to Understand: Suitable for small projects with well-defined requirements.
- Documentation-Driven: Comprehensive documentation ensures clarity.
Disadvantages:
- Inflexible: Changes in requirements are difficult to accommodate once the project is underway.
- High Risk: Bugs or issues discovered late can be costly and time-consuming to fix.
- Not Ideal for Complex Projects: Lack of iteration makes it unsuitable for evolving projects.
Use Cases:
The Waterfall Model is best suited for projects with:
- Stable and well-understood requirements.
- Limited scope for changes.
- Small-scale software development.
Examples include government projects, construction, and projects with strict regulatory compliance.
