Types of Statements in Java

In Java, statements are instructions that tell the program what to do. They form the building blocks of a Java program and are used to perform various tasks such as controlling the flow of execution, declaring variables, or performing computations. Java statements can be categorized into several types:

1. Declaration Statements

• Used to declare variables and specify their data types.
• Example:
  java

  int number = 10;
String name = "Java";


2. Expression Statements

• Used to evaluate expressions, assign values, or call methods.
• Examples:
  java

  x = x + 1; // Assignment
System.out.println("Hello"); // Method call


3. Control Flow Statements

These statements control the flow of execution in a program. They are divided into:

a. Decision-Making Statements

• Used to make decisions based on conditions.
• Examples:
  • if, else, else if:
    java

    if (x > 0) {
System.out.println("Positive");
} else {
System.out.println("Negative");
}

  • switch:
    java

    switch (day) {
case 1: System.out.println("Monday"); break;
case 2: System.out.println("Tuesday"); break;
default: System.out.println("Invalid day");
}


b. Looping Statements

• Used for repetitive execution of code.
• Examples:
  • for:
    java

    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(i);
}

  • while:
    java

    while (x < 10) {
x++;
}

  • do-while:
    java

    do {
x++;
} while (x < 10);


c. Jump Statements

• Used to break or continue the flow of execution.
• Examples:
  • break:
    java

    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i == 5) break;
System.out.println(i);
}

  • continue:
    java

    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i == 5) continue;
System.out.println(i);
}

  • return:
    Used to exit from a method and optionally return a value:
    java

    return x + y;


4. Block Statements

• Enclose multiple statements within {} to group them as a block.
• Example:
  java

  {
int x = 5;
int y = 10;
System.out.println(x + y);
}


5. Try-Catch-Finally Statements

• Used for exception handling in Java.
• Example:
  java

  try {
int result = 10 / 0;
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Error: Division by zero");
} finally {
System.out.println("Execution completed");
}


6. Synchronized Statements

• Used in multi-threading to control access to critical sections of code.
• Example:
  java

  synchronized (this) {
System.out.println("Thread-safe block");
}


Conclusion

Java provides various types of statements to control program flow, perform operations, and handle exceptions. Understanding these statements is essential for writing efficient and structured Java programs.