HiTree traversal techniques refer to methods of visiting all the nodes in a tree data structure. These methods ensure that each node is visited exactly once, and there are several standard types of tree traversal:
1. Pre-order Traversal
Definition: Visit the root node first, then recursively visit the left subtree, followed by the right subtree.
Order: Root → Left Subtree → Right Subtree
Example: For a tree with root A and children B and C:
Pre-order: A, B, C
2. In-order Traversal
Definition: Recursively visit the left subtree first, then visit the root node, followed by the right subtree.
Order: Left Subtree → Root → Right Subtree
Example: For a tree with root A and children B and C:
In-order: B, A, C
3. Post-order Traversal
Definition: Recursively visit the left subtree first, then the right subtree, and finally the root node.
Order: Left Subtree → Right Subtree → Root
Example: For a tree with root A and children B and C:
Post-order: B, C, A
4. Level-order Traversal (Breadth-First Traversal)
efinition: Visit all nodes at the current level before moving on to nodes at the next level, starting from the root.
Order: Level by level from top to bottom.
Example: For a tree with root A, and children B and C:
Level-order: A, B, C
5. Reverse Level-order Traversal
Definition: Similar to level-order traversal but visiting nodes from the bottom level to the top level.
Order: Start from the lowest level and go upwards to the root.
6. Depth-first Traversal
Definition: This is a broad term for traversals that explore as deep as possible along each branch before backtracking, including pre-order, in-order, and post-order.
Each of these traversal techniques can be implemented either recursively or iteratively, depending on the specific requirements of the algorithm or application.
