The TCP/IP model is a conceptual framework used to understand and implement networking protocols. It consists of four layers:
1. Application Layer: Handles high-level protocols like HTTP, FTP, and DNS for communication between software applications.
2. Transport Layer: Ensures reliable data transfer, using protocols like TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).
3. Internet Layer: Manages addressing, routing, and packet forwarding using IP (Internet Protocol).
4. Link Layer: Handles physical network transmission, including Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and other data link protocols.
Together, these layers enable data communication over the internet, facilitating global connectivity.