A multiplexer (MUX) is a digital circuit that selects one input from multiple inputs and transmits it to a single output based on control signals. It works as a data selector, minimizing the number of data lines in a system. A typical MUX has 2ⁿ inputs, where n is the number of control lines, and one output. For example, a 4-to-1 MUX uses two control signals to choose one of four inputs. Multiplexers are essential in communication systems, data routing, and digital processing, ensuring efficient data transmission and resource utilization in complex circuits and systems.
