Yes, people do eat unfertilized hen eggs. In fact, the vast majority of eggs consumed by humans are unfertilized. When hens lay eggs, these eggs are typically not fertilized unless they have been bred with a rooster. Without a rooster, the eggs remain unfertilized and cannot develop into chicks.
Eggs, whether fertilized or unfertilized, are harvested and sold for consumption. The eggs you commonly find in grocery stores are all unfertilized. These eggs are used in a wide variety of dishes, from scrambled eggs to baked goods to omelets.
The key difference between fertilized and unfertilized eggs is that fertilized eggs have the potential to develop into embryos if they are incubated under the right conditions, but this does not typically occur in the eggs we eat unless they are specifically incubated.