A process is an independent program in execution, with its own memory space, system resources, and address space. Processes are isolated from each other, and communication between them requires inter-process communication (IPC) mechanisms like pipes, sockets, or shared memory.
A thread, by contrast, is a lightweight unit of execution within a process. Threads within the same process share memory and resources, enabling faster communication and reduced overhead.
Processes are more resource-intensive and provide better fault isolation, while threads are efficient, allowing multitasking within the same process. Both are key to achieving concurrency in computing systems
