Abstraction in Java is a core object-oriented programming concept that hides implementation details and shows only the essential features of an object. It allows developers to focus on “what” an object does rather than “how” it does it. Abstraction is achieved using abstract classes and interfaces.
- Abstract Classes: Declared with the
abstractkeyword, they can have abstract methods (without implementation) and concrete methods. Example:
- Interfaces: Define a contract that classes must follow, containing only abstract methods (default methods allowed in Java 8+). Abstraction improves code reusability and flexibility.